| No. 4. | (23/02/96) | The International Press on the Chances of Hungary's
Integration (2nd half of 1995) |
British interest shown in
Hungary has increased noticeably over the last six months. Though traditionally
introverted, the British media have increasingly turned towards international
questions, especially the relation between London and Europe. A growing number
of journalists cover the issues related to the EU and its expansion. The
image of Hungary in the British media is positive. During the above period,
not a single analysis or report with factual error or malevolent distortion
has appeared on Hungary.
NATO deployment in Hungary is frequently and
always positively referred to. Analysts reminded that Hungary has been
traditionally maintaining cordial cooperation with its new allies and has
proved in practice its maturity for the membership of the North Atlantic
alliance.
Similarly, there have been numerous positive changes
compared to the first half of the past year in the Italian press record
of Hungary. The articles, unchanged in terms of quantity, presented a more
comprehensive coverage of Hungary's integration efforts and socio-economic
reform.
The formerly contrasted expansions to the South and to the East
are now referred to fairly neutrally and are accepted as facts. Nevertheless,
there is concern about the considerable burden the Union must bear during
the upgrading of the applicant countries. The exclusively political approach
of the questions of integration has been replaced by the concrete economic,
financial and commercial problems. Even a degree of anxiety is being expressed
over the the possibility of severe competition the strengthening economies
of Central and Eastern Europe might present in the future, particularly in
the agricultural sector.
Another shift in approach is indicated by referring
to these countries not as associated states but as future members.
Hungary is relatively neglected by the Spanish
press. Of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the greatest emphasis
is laid on Russian internal and foreign policy, which is followed by the
stormy events of Polish politics. Last year, increased publicity was devoted
to Slovakia, albeit commentators gave a negative evaluation of the economic
and internal policy conditions there. The next country, Romania, is condemned
for the staggering implementation of democratic reform, while the coverage
of Bulgaria includes mainly factual reports.
There was an apparent negative
change in the reputation of Hungary: the 1994 post-election reference to
a Social Democratic turnabout has been replaced by the classification of
"country under ex-communist leadership".
The Swedish mass media clearly adopted a positive
approach toward the Hungarian foreign policy and security efforts. Reporting
on the Hungarian presidency of the OSCE, special emphasis was laid on the
Hungarian initiatives in crisis management. According to a leading daily
newspaper, with Sweden having joined the EU, the relations of the two countries
entered a new fase; Hungary hopes Sweden will support her full membership
and will share the experiences of the Swedish preparations.
The Swedish
media reflects the supportive attitude of the political leadership toward
the Eastern expansion of EU, stressing impartiality toward the applicant
countries and the importance of the upgrading of the Baltic states.
Integration-related matters provoke special interest at a time when reservations
about NATO enlargement arise in the receiving country, and popular support
for Swedish EU membership is declining.
In the second half of 1995, Bulgarian media
saw a continuation of the trend experienced in the first six months: factual
reports, based mainly on Western newsagency sources, kept Hungary common
knowledge. Although Hungary is not an ever-cited ideal any more, she has
reamined in the centre of interest for two reasons: 1 Bulgarians are keen
to study the experiences of Hungarian reform; and 2 they are observing -
through their special prism - the record of the Social-Liberal coalition
formed six month earlier than its Bulgarian counterpart.
In the foreign
and security policy reports on Hungary special emphasis is laid on her North
Atlantic integration policy, one year OSCE presidency, the achievements of
the December meeting of the OSCE Council of Foreign Ministers, the role played
in the Yugoslav settlement, Hungarian participation in IFOR, and IFOR deployment
in Hungary.